IIT Guwahati develops tech to converts methane, CO2 into biofuel

Researchers at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati have developed a groundbreaking biological method to convert methane and carbon dioxide into cleaner biofuels. This innovative approach, leveraging methanotrophic bacteria, marks a significant step towards sustainable energy solutions and climate change mitigation.

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Scientists at the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati have introduced an innovative biological technique that transforms methane and carbon dioxide into eco-friendly biofuels. Utilizing methanotrophic bacteria, this breakthrough represents a major advance in sustainable energy and efforts to combat climate change.

Methane, a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential 27 to 30 times greater than carbon dioxide, poses a major environmental threat. “Turning methane and carbon dioxide into liquid fuels not only reduces emissions but also provides a renewable energy source,” explained Prof. Debasish Das from IIT Guwahati’s Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering.

Existing chemical methods to achieve this conversion are energy-intensive, expensive, and often generate toxic by-products, limiting their scalability. However, IIT Guwahati’s innovative approach employs methanotrophic bacteria to biologically convert methane and carbon dioxide into bio-methanol under mild operating conditions.

“This process eliminates the need for costly catalysts, avoids toxic by-products, and is more energy-efficient compared to traditional chemical methods,” said Prof. Das.

The researchers highlighted that their method reduces harmful emissions, including carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, and smoke, by up to 87%. Prof. Das emphasized that bio-methanol derived through this process offers a sustainable and scalable alternative to fossil fuels.

Unlike conventional biofuels that rely on crops and often compete with food production, this method utilizes greenhouse gases, sidestepping the “food vs. fuel” dilemma. Additionally, the process is both environmentally and economically viable, relying on inexpensive resources while significantly reducing emissions.

The implications of this advancement extend beyond renewable energy. Bio-methanol, a cleaner fuel alternative, also serves as a precursor for industrial chemicals like formaldehyde and acetic acid. This capability positions the technology as a decarbonizing solution for critical industries, including oil and gas, refineries, and chemical manufacturing.

“This breakthrough has the potential to revolutionize how we address greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. It paves the way for a cleaner, greener future by offering a dual solution of emissions reduction and renewable energy production,” Prof. Das concluded.

IIT Guwahati’s research underscores the transformative role of biotechnology in tackling global challenges, showcasing a promising path toward sustainable development and environmental preservation.